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The Power of Smut: Peeking Inside the Internet’s Favorite Genre

Molly Tullis
September 28, 2024 | 5 min read

In 2023, romance novels generated over $1.44 billion in revenue, making it the highest-earning fiction genre.

While romance as a genre has been successful for decades, the past few years have seen an explosion in sales. There were 39 million printed copies of romance books sold in the 12 months before May 2023, which is a 50% increase from the previous year.

So what’s behind this publishing hurricane?

The Digitization of Romance

"Open-door romance," or "smut," is a genre of novels that contain explicit, on-page sexual scenes in addition to their plotlines. “Erotica” describes books almost entirely made up of explicit scenes with minimal plot or additional details. (Those definitions will be important later. Got it?) These two subcategories are dominating the industry at the moment — for several reasons.

First, consider the expanding reader spaces online, which have attracted younger readers. The romance genre’s primary readers used to be aged 35-54, but it has now dropped to 18-44. Thanks, BookTok and Bookstagram!

Additionally, the world’s gone digital, and publishing is no exception. While printed smut and open-door romances have existed since antiquity, in the past few years, the shift towards eBooks, eReaders, and Amazon’s Kindle Unlimited has driven a massive rise in the availability of open-door romances. Yet “smut” is still sometimes used as a derogatory term.

(The word “smut” is a 16th-century word!)

Readers of romance books (including all subgenres) have always been primarily female and typically subject to stereotypes and ostracization. Think: the lonely cat lady stereotype. But over the past few years, as women have picked up their Kindles and found spaces to connect, they’ve reclaimed the word “smut” and now proudly wear it on merchandise — from shirts to mugs to bookmarks that read “Smut Scholar” or “Spicy Book Lover.”

In short: the internet has quickly and vastly destigmatized open-door romances, even if traditional publishers still quickly disregard them.

At the forefront of this growth are the primarily female authors who publish independently — colloquially and affectionately referred to as “indies.”

Some of these authors are pulling in large sums, gathering swaths of avid fans, and turning the traditional literary world on its head. While more conventional players in the publishing industry continue to turn up their noses, these indies are laughing all the way to the bank – and taking readers with them.

While more conventional players in the publishing industry continue to turn up their noses, these indies are laughing all the way to the bank – and taking readers with them.

The Finances of Smut

As open-door romance has evolved from being considered “taboo” to trendy, the rise of digital platforms and self-publishing has made it possible for writers and readers to create and enjoy what they love, without barriers.

Alessa Thorn is a paranormal and urban romance author who features open-door content in all her novels. Thorn has published over 30 books since starting her career during the pandemic, has amassed millions of page reads (an eBook metric on Amazon’s KDP platform), and thousands upon thousands of positive reviews. And she’s entirely self-published.

“The rise of self-publishing helped the genre explode,” she says. “Before, there were very few publishing houses interested in publishing [explicit romances]. Romance genres like erotica or even paranormal were barely acknowledged by the industry. Self-publishing gave writers and readers of the genre a place to make their own, and it has proven over and over again how hungry readers are for these types of books.”

Thorn is a full-time independent author now, only a few short years after launching her career. She attributes self-published book sales and the eBook market to most of her revenue stream, and also uses the author platform Ream to publish serials.

Similarly, C. Rochelle, a popular sci-fi and paranormal romance author, credits her career entirely to digital platforms.

“Personally, [they have] allowed me to publish at all!” Rochelle says. “My grandfather died with binders of unpublished stories because he couldn’t get a publisher to bite. I’ve watched my husband try to get an agent for years. I saw no need to wait for someone else to deem my stories worthy.”

“My grandfather died with binders of unpublished stories because he couldn’t get a publisher to bite. I’ve watched my husband try to get an agent for years. I saw no need to wait for someone else to deem my stories worthy.”

Fighting the Stigma

Although many readers and writers have been reclaiming the word “smut,” some of the old stigma still exists.

Authors have been targeted with smear or hate campaigns, with some “clean romance advocates” intentionally misrepresenting open-door romance books and making false claims that these books feature illegal content. Karina Halle, a USA Today bestselling author of explicit romances, recently came under attack on social media.

Angry users falsely promoted one of her books as a “pedo book” to get the book banned and have Halle “canceled.” The broader book community widely supported Halle, as the accusations were grossly inaccurate, but sufficient damage was done, and Halle was forced to contact her attorney.

Almost every author who writes open-door romances has encountered this kind of stigma to varying levels of severity.

Thorn noted that while the industry has changed over the years and smut has become more openly acceptable, being a self-publisher in any genre is still stigmatized. “I learned to laugh it off because I understand the people who criticize it rarely have any concept of what it is.”

Although many readers and writers have been reclaiming the word “smut,” some of the old stigma still exists.

The Female Quotient

Above all else, open-door romance is a thriving publishing genre dominated by women. Like many female-oriented careers and pursuits, these stories face unequally yoked criticism compared to their male counterparts.

Many female authors who write paranormal or fantasy romance that includes open-door scenes are incorrectly labeled “erotica” writers. While there is nothing wrong with the erotica genre, it’s not the same as fantasy and paranormal romance and this misclassification ultimately leaves readers confused and affects authors’ careers. Meanwhile, George R. R. Martin has never been mislabeled as an erotica writer, even though he writes fantasy novels with explicit sex scenes.

In other words: when women are behind the pen, the purview of their work tends to be limited to sexual content.

“One of the biggest draws of the genre is that it allows women a safe place to live out their fantasies and explore,” Thorn says. “Reading these kinds of stories can help heal trauma done by purity culture, bad partners, and sexual abuse. It can be incredibly empowering to read stories about women who take control of their pleasure.”

Rochelle noted that romance itself is an empowering genre. “Add in spice – explicit spice at times – and it’s revolutionary. It’s a clear message that authors and readers get to decide relationship dynamics, kinks, and sexual orientations, as opposed to following the supposed rules and expectations of a patriarchal and puritanical society.”

And I agree. The readers and writers of open-door romances are redefining a legacy of explicit content that goes back to antiquity. Except this time, they’re reshaping it in their image and shattering the expectations of society, all while making money and having fun doing it, too.

The readers and writers of open-door romances are redefining a legacy of explicit content that goes back to antiquity. Except this time, they’re reshaping it in their image and shattering the expectations of society, all while making money and having fun doing it, too.

“There is nothing more terrifying for some than women who are sexually empowered and sharing stories,” Thorn said.

From the old-fashioned spinsters and single cat ladies to the Kindle readers of today, romance writers and readers have always been radicals. They’re not slowing down any time soon — and they’ve got the sales numbers to prove it.

Watch this genre over the next few years as it continues to evolve and champion radical inclusive values in our society — the door is open, after all.

December 30, 2025 3 min read

It’s Freewrite’s favorite time of year. When dictionaries around the world examine language use of the previous year and select a “Word of the Year.”

Of course, there are many different dictionaries in use in the English language, and they all have different ideas about what word was the most influential or saw the most growth in the previous year. They individually review new slang and culturally relevant vocabulary, examine spikes or dips in usage, and pour over internet trend data.

Let’s see what some of the biggest dictionaries decided for 2025. And read to the end for a chance to submit your own Word of the Year — and win a Freewrite gift card.

[SUBMIT YOUR WORD OF THE YEAR]


Merriam-Webster: "slop"

Merriam-Webster chose "slop" as its Word of the Year for 2025 to describe "all that stuff dumped on our screens, captured in just four letters."

The dictionary lists "absurd videos, off-kilter advertising images, cheesy propaganda, fake news that looks pretty real, junky AI-written books, 'workslop' reports that waste coworkers’ time … and lots of talking cats" as examples of slop.

The original sense of the word "slop" from the 1700s was “soft mud” and eventually evolved to mean "food waste" and "rubbish." 2025 linked the term to AI, and the rest is history.

Honorable mentions: conclave, gerrymander, touch grass, performative, tariff, 67.

Dictionary.com: "67"

The team at Dictionary.com likes to pick a word that serves as “a linguistic time capsule, reflecting social trends and global events that defined the year.”

For 2025, they decided that “word” was actually a number. Or two numbers, to be exact.

If you’re an old, like me, and don’t know many school-age children, you may not have heard “67” in use. (Note that this is not “sixty-seven,” but “six, seven.”)

Dictionary.com claims the origin of “67” is a song called “Doot Doot (6 7)” by Skrilla, quickly made infamous by viral TikTok videos, most notably featuring a child who will for the rest of his life be known as the “6-7 Kid.” But according to my nine-year-old cousin, the origins of something so mystical can’t ever truly be known.

(My third grade expert also demonstrated the accompanying signature hand gesture, where you place both hands palms up and alternately move up and down.)

And if you happen to find yourself in a fourth-grade classroom, watch your mouth, because there’s a good chance this term has been banned for the teacher’s sanity.

Annoyed yet? Don’t be. As Dictionary.com points out, 6-7 is a rather delightful example at how fast language can develop as a new generation joins the conversation.

Dictionary.com honorable mentions: agentic, aura farming, broligarchy, clanker, Gen Z stare, kiss cam, overtourism, tariff, tradwife.

Oxford Dictionary: "rage bait"

With input from more than 30,000 users and expert analysis, Oxford Dictionary chose "rage bait" for their word of the year.

Specifically, the dictionary pointed to 2025’s news cycle, online manipulation tactics, and growing awareness of where we spend our time and attention online.

While closely paralleling its etymological cousin "clickbait," rage bait more specifically denotes content that evokes anger, discord, or polarization.

Oxford's experts report that use of the term has tripled in the last 12 months.

Oxford Dictionary's honorable mentions:aura farming, biohack.

Cambridge Dictionary: "parasocial"

The Cambridge Dictionary examined a sustained trend of increased searches to choose "parasocial" as its Word of the Year.

Believe it or not, this term was coined by sociologists in 1956, combining “social” with the Greek-derived prefix para-, which in this case means “similar to or parallel to, but separate from.”

But interest in and use of the term exploded this year, finally moving from a mainly academic context to the mainstream.

Cambridge Dictionary's honorable mentions: slop, delulu, skibidi, tradwife

Freewrite: TBD

This year, the Freewrite Fam is picking our own Word of the Year.

Click below to submit what you think the Word of 2025 should be, and we'll pick one submission to receive a Freewrite gift card.

[SUBMIT HERE] 

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Sources

December 18, 2025 7 min read

What can Jane Austen's personal letters teach writers of today?

December 10, 2025 6 min read

Singer-songwriter Abner James finds his creativity in the quiet freedom of analog tools. Learn how his creative process transcends different media.

Abner James went to school for film directing. But the success of the band he and his brother formed together, Eighty Ninety, knocked him onto a different trajectory.

The band has accrued more than 40 million streams since the release of their debut EP “Elizabeth," and their work was even co-signed by Taylor Swift when the singer added Eighty Ninety to her playlist "Songs Taylor Loves.”

Now, Abner is returning to long-form writing in addition to songwriting, and with a change in media comes an examination of the creative process. We sat down to chat about what's the same — and what's different. 

ANNIE COSBY: Tell us about your songwriting process.

ABNER JAMES: The way I tend to write my songs is hunched over a guitar and just seeing what comes. Sounds become words become shapes. It's a very physical process that is really about turning my brain off.

And one of the things that occurred to me when I was traveling, actually, was that I would love to be able to do that but from a writing perspective. What would happen if I sat down and approached writing in the same way that I approached music? In a more intuitive and free-form kind of way? What would that dig up?

AC: That's basically the ethos of Freewrite.

AJ: Yes. We had just put out a record, and I was thinking about how to get into writing for the next one. It occurred to me that regardless of how I started, I always finished on a screen. And I wondered: what's the acoustic guitar version of writing?

Where there's not blue light hitting me in the face. Even if I'm using my Notes app, it's the same thing. It really gets me into a different mindset.

 "I wondered: what's the acoustic guitar version of writing?"

I grew up playing piano. That was my first instrument. And I found an old typewriter at a thrift store, and I love it. It actually reminded me a lot of playing piano, the kind of physical, the feeling of it. And it was really fun, but pretty impractical, especially because I travel a fair amount.

And so I wondered, is there such a thing as a digital typewriter? And I googled it, and I found Freewrite.

AC: What about Freewrite helps you write?

AJ:I think, pragmatically, just the E Ink screen is a huge deal, because it doesn't exhaust me in the same way. And the idea of having a tool specifically set aside for the process is appealing in an aesthetic way but also a mental-emotional way. When it comes out, it's kind of like ... It's like having an office you work out of. It's just for that.

"The way I tend to write my songs is hunched over a guitar and just seeing what comes. Sounds become words become shapes. It's a very physical process that is really about turning my brain off."

And all of the pragmatic limitations — like you're not getting texts on it, and you're not doing all that stuff on the internet — that's really helpful, too. But just having the mindset....

When I pick up a guitar, or I sit down at the piano, it very much puts me into that space. Having a tool just for words does the same thing. I find that to be really cool and inspiring.

"When I pick up a guitar, or I sit down at the piano, it very much puts me into that space. Having a tool just for words does the same thing."

AC: So mentally it gets you ready for writing.

AJ: Yeah, and also, when you write a Microsoft Word, it looks so finished that it's hard to keep going. If every time I strummed a chord, I was hearing it back, mixed and mastered and produced...?

It's hard to stay in that space when I'm seeing it fully written out and formatted in, like, Times New Roman, looking all seriously back at me.

AC: I get that. I have terrible instincts to edit stuff over and over again and never finish a story.

AJ:  Also, the way you just open it and it's ready to go. So you don't have the stages of the computer turning on, that kind of puts this pressure, this tension on.

It's working at the edges in all these different ways that on their own could feel a little bit like it's not really necessary. All these amorphous things where you could look at it and be like, well, I don't really need any of those. But they add up to a critical mass that actually is significant.

And sometimes, if I want to bring it on a plane, I've found it's replaced reading for me. Rather than pick up a book or bring a book on the plane, I bring Traveler and just kind of hang out in that space and see if anything comes up.

I've found that it's kind of like writing songs on a different instrument, you get different styles of music that you wouldn't have otherwise. I've found that writing from words towards music, I get different kinds of songs than I have in the past, which has been interesting.

In that way, like sitting at a piano, you just write differently than you do on a guitar, or even a bass, because of the things those instruments tend to encourage or that they can do.

It feels almost like a little synthesizer, a different kind of instrument that has unlocked a different kind of approach for me.

"I've found that it's kind of like writing songs on a different instrument, you get different styles of music that you wouldn't have otherwise... [Traveler] feels almost like a little synthesizer, a different kind of instrument that has unlocked a different kind of approach for me."

AC: As someone who doesn't know the first thing about writing music, that's fascinating. It's all magic to me.

AJ: Yeah.

AC: What else are you interested in writing?

AJ: I went to school for film directing. That was kind of what I thought I was going to do. And then my brother and I started the band and that kind of happened first and knocked me onto a different track for a little while after college.

Growing up, though, writing was my way into everything. In directing, I wanted to be in control of the thing that I wrote. And in music, it was the same — the songwriting really feels like it came from that same place. And then the idea of writing longer form, like fiction, almost feels just like the next step from song to EP to album to novel.

For whatever reason, that started feeling like a challenge that would be deeply related to the kinds of work that we do in the studio.

AC: Do you have any advice for aspiring songwriters?

AJ: This sounds like a cliche, but it's totally true: whatever success that I've had as a songwriter — judge that for yourself — but whatever success I have had, has been directly proportional to just writing the song that I wanted to hear.

What I mean by that is, even if you're being coldly, cynically, late-stage capitalist about it, it's by far the most success I've had. The good news is that you don't have to choose. And in fact, when you start making those little compromises, or even begin to inch in that direction, it just doesn't work. So you can forget about it.

Just make music you want to hear. And that will be the music that resonates with most people.

I think there's a temptation to have an imaginary focus group in your head of like 500 people. But the problem is all those people are fake. They're not real. None of those people are actually real people. You're a focus group of one, you're one real person. There are more real people in that focus group than in the imaginary one.

And I just don't think that we're that different, in the end. So that would be my advice.

AC: That seems like generally great creative advice. Because fiction writers talk about that too, right? Do you write to market or do you write the book you want to read. Same thing. And that imaginary focus group has been debilitating for me. I have to silence that focus group before I can write.

AJ: Absolutely.

"I think there's a temptation to have an imaginary focus group in your head of like 500 people. But the problem is all those people are fake... You're a focus group of one, you're one real person. There are more real people in that focus group than in the imaginary one."

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Learn more about Abner James, his brother, and their band, Eighty Ninety, on Instagram.