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8 of the Greatest Female Writers in Literary History

Annie Cosby
March 07, 2024 | 4 min read

In the vast literary landscape, women writers have long been trailblazers, challenging norms, breaking barriers, and shaping the course of literary history.

Their contributions have not only enriched the literary canon but also sparked crucial conversations about gender, identity, and society.

Let's take a look at the lives and works of just a few of the great female writers in history to see how they transformed literature and left an indelible mark on the world.

 

1. Sappho

Let's go back. Way back. To about 610 BC, when Sappho was born.

A Greek poet from the island of Lesbos, Sappho is one of the earliest female poets with surviving work. Though much of her work has indeed been lost across centuries, enough remains that we can see how Sappho centralized female figures and pioneered the use of first-person narration.

Sappho is still thought to be one of the greatest lyric poets of ancient times, and while some call her "the female Homer," we prefer Plato's name for her: "the tenth muse."

 

2. Jane Austen

You can't discuss influential female writers without mentioning Jane Austen. Her sharp wit and keen observations of social mores continue to resonate centuries after her time. And she was writing at an incredible time for a woman to have a career — she wasn't even legally allowed to sign her own contracts; her brother Henry had to do it!

Austen's novels, including Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, dissected the complexities of love, marriage, and class in Regency-era England with unparalleled insight. Some say she's the mother of the modern romance novel, while others argue her stories are novels of manners and social satire.

Regardless of your view, she definitely helped swing the focus of popular literature to realism and introduced new types of novel narration. Her vivid characters and masterful storytelling made her a success in our own time (though not her name — she published anonymously) and a literary giant whose influence endures to this day.

 

3. Mary Shelley

Young Mary Shelley pioneered a new genre with her 1818 novel, Frankenstein. This work made her "the mother of science fiction" to generations of writers after her. And it was in her genes: Shelley came from a family of writers, with her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, known for her feminist manifesto, A Vindication of the Rights of Women.

Frankenstein explored profound existential themes, as well as the ethics of scientific advancement, and defied expectations of the time with a complex narrative structure. Most importantly, it inspired crucial conversations about the human condition.

 

 

4. Edith Wharton

Edith Wharton was the first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Her novel Age of Innocence drew on Wharton's experience with the upper-crust of New York society to create a rich portrayal of the Gilded Age.

Her razor-sharp wit and raw honesty didn't stop with Age of Innocence. Wharton would go on to write more than 40 books in 40 years.

 

5. Virginia Woolf

In the early 20th century, Virginia Woolf emerged as a pioneering figure in the realm of modernist literature. Through works like Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse, Woolf revolutionized narrative structure, employing stream-of-consciousness techniques to delve into the inner lives of her characters.

Beyond her groundbreaking literary experiments, Woolf's feminist essays, including "A Room of One's Own," challenged prevailing notions of a woman's roles in society, advocating for intellectual and creative autonomy.

 

6. Emily Dickinson

In the realm of poetry, Emily Dickinson stands as a towering figure whose enigmatic verses continue to captivate readers with their profound insights into the human condition.

Despite living a reclusive life, Dickinson's poetry explored themes of love, death, and nature with unparalleled depth and imagination. Her unconventional use of form and language pushed the boundaries of poetic expression, earning her a place among the greatest poets of all time.

 

 

7. Zora Neale Hurston

The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s brought a wave of talented Black writers in the United States whose work would endure and continue to resonate with audiences into the present. This includes Zora Neale Hurston.

Hurston's novel Their Eyes Were Watching God remains a seminal work of American literature, celebrated for its rich portrayal of African American culture and the exploration of identity.

Through her vibrant prose and unapologetic celebration of her heritage, Hurston paved the way for future generations of Black women writers to reclaim their voices and narratives.

 

8. Toni Morrison

In the latter half of the 20th century, the world was introduced to the formidable talent of Toni Morrison, whose novels laid bare the complexities of race, identity, and power in the U.S.

With works like Beloved and The Bluest Eye, Morrison challenged readers to confront the legacies of slavery and racism, while also celebrating the resilience of the human spirit.

Morrison's revolutionary stories gained critical acclaim across the world, and in 1993, she became the first African American woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.

 

The Present & the Future

Contemporary literature continues to be shaped by the voices of female writers who fearlessly tackle pressing social issues and push the boundaries of form and genre.

Writers like Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Celeste NgZadie SmithArundhati Roy, Joan Didion, Roxane Gay, Donna Tartt, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Angie Thomas have garnered international acclaim for their insightful explorations of gender, identity, race, and globalization.

As the work of the women before them reminds us, literature has the power to inspire, provoke, and illuminate. As we celebrate these legacies, remember the transformative potential of literature to challenge, uplift, and unite us in our shared humanity.

 

Who Is Your Favorite Woman Writer?

"That's an impossible question. So many of my favorite authors are women. If I had to mention just a few... I'm a huge Jane Austen fan, and I love Agatha Christie – which is why I chose to add her to the Freewrite screensaver lineup!"

Author & Freewrite Marketing Manager Annie Cosby

 

"Kennedy Ryan!"

Author Brittany Arreguin

 

"Ursula Le Guin. One of my fave Ursula Le Guin quotes is: 'A writer is a person who cares what words mean, what they say, how they say it. Writers know words are their way towards truth and freedom, and so they use them with care, with thought, with fear, with delight. By using words well they strengthen their souls...'"

Author Monica Corwin

 

"Ursula Le Guin."

Writer & Producer Bryan Young

 

"Victoria Schwab. She is magical and 1000% my inspiration."

Lindsey O.

 

"Shirley Jackson!"

Author Carolina Flórez-Cerchiaro

 

"Anne Rice."

Lisa

 

"Maya Angelou."

Raquel

 

"L.M. Montgomery.❤️❤️❤️"

Carol H.

 

December 30, 2025 3 min read

It’s Freewrite’s favorite time of year. When dictionaries around the world examine language use of the previous year and select a “Word of the Year.”

Of course, there are many different dictionaries in use in the English language, and they all have different ideas about what word was the most influential or saw the most growth in the previous year. They individually review new slang and culturally relevant vocabulary, examine spikes or dips in usage, and pour over internet trend data.

Let’s see what some of the biggest dictionaries decided for 2025. And read to the end for a chance to submit your own Word of the Year — and win a Freewrite gift card.

[SUBMIT YOUR WORD OF THE YEAR]


Merriam-Webster: "slop"

Merriam-Webster chose "slop" as its Word of the Year for 2025 to describe "all that stuff dumped on our screens, captured in just four letters."

The dictionary lists "absurd videos, off-kilter advertising images, cheesy propaganda, fake news that looks pretty real, junky AI-written books, 'workslop' reports that waste coworkers’ time … and lots of talking cats" as examples of slop.

The original sense of the word "slop" from the 1700s was “soft mud” and eventually evolved to mean "food waste" and "rubbish." 2025 linked the term to AI, and the rest is history.

Honorable mentions: conclave, gerrymander, touch grass, performative, tariff, 67.

Dictionary.com: "67"

The team at Dictionary.com likes to pick a word that serves as “a linguistic time capsule, reflecting social trends and global events that defined the year.”

For 2025, they decided that “word” was actually a number. Or two numbers, to be exact.

If you’re an old, like me, and don’t know many school-age children, you may not have heard “67” in use. (Note that this is not “sixty-seven,” but “six, seven.”)

Dictionary.com claims the origin of “67” is a song called “Doot Doot (6 7)” by Skrilla, quickly made infamous by viral TikTok videos, most notably featuring a child who will for the rest of his life be known as the “6-7 Kid.” But according to my nine-year-old cousin, the origins of something so mystical can’t ever truly be known.

(My third grade expert also demonstrated the accompanying signature hand gesture, where you place both hands palms up and alternately move up and down.)

And if you happen to find yourself in a fourth-grade classroom, watch your mouth, because there’s a good chance this term has been banned for the teacher’s sanity.

Annoyed yet? Don’t be. As Dictionary.com points out, 6-7 is a rather delightful example at how fast language can develop as a new generation joins the conversation.

Dictionary.com honorable mentions: agentic, aura farming, broligarchy, clanker, Gen Z stare, kiss cam, overtourism, tariff, tradwife.

Oxford Dictionary: "rage bait"

With input from more than 30,000 users and expert analysis, Oxford Dictionary chose "rage bait" for their word of the year.

Specifically, the dictionary pointed to 2025’s news cycle, online manipulation tactics, and growing awareness of where we spend our time and attention online.

While closely paralleling its etymological cousin "clickbait," rage bait more specifically denotes content that evokes anger, discord, or polarization.

Oxford's experts report that use of the term has tripled in the last 12 months.

Oxford Dictionary's honorable mentions:aura farming, biohack.

Cambridge Dictionary: "parasocial"

The Cambridge Dictionary examined a sustained trend of increased searches to choose "parasocial" as its Word of the Year.

Believe it or not, this term was coined by sociologists in 1956, combining “social” with the Greek-derived prefix para-, which in this case means “similar to or parallel to, but separate from.”

But interest in and use of the term exploded this year, finally moving from a mainly academic context to the mainstream.

Cambridge Dictionary's honorable mentions: slop, delulu, skibidi, tradwife

Freewrite: TBD

This year, the Freewrite Fam is picking our own Word of the Year.

Click below to submit what you think the Word of 2025 should be, and we'll pick one submission to receive a Freewrite gift card.

[SUBMIT HERE] 

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Sources

December 18, 2025 7 min read

What can Jane Austen's personal letters teach writers of today?

December 10, 2025 6 min read

Singer-songwriter Abner James finds his creativity in the quiet freedom of analog tools. Learn how his creative process transcends different media.

Abner James went to school for film directing. But the success of the band he and his brother formed together, Eighty Ninety, knocked him onto a different trajectory.

The band has accrued more than 40 million streams since the release of their debut EP “Elizabeth," and their work was even co-signed by Taylor Swift when the singer added Eighty Ninety to her playlist "Songs Taylor Loves.”

Now, Abner is returning to long-form writing in addition to songwriting, and with a change in media comes an examination of the creative process. We sat down to chat about what's the same — and what's different. 

ANNIE COSBY: Tell us about your songwriting process.

ABNER JAMES: The way I tend to write my songs is hunched over a guitar and just seeing what comes. Sounds become words become shapes. It's a very physical process that is really about turning my brain off.

And one of the things that occurred to me when I was traveling, actually, was that I would love to be able to do that but from a writing perspective. What would happen if I sat down and approached writing in the same way that I approached music? In a more intuitive and free-form kind of way? What would that dig up?

AC: That's basically the ethos of Freewrite.

AJ: Yes. We had just put out a record, and I was thinking about how to get into writing for the next one. It occurred to me that regardless of how I started, I always finished on a screen. And I wondered: what's the acoustic guitar version of writing?

Where there's not blue light hitting me in the face. Even if I'm using my Notes app, it's the same thing. It really gets me into a different mindset.

 "I wondered: what's the acoustic guitar version of writing?"

I grew up playing piano. That was my first instrument. And I found an old typewriter at a thrift store, and I love it. It actually reminded me a lot of playing piano, the kind of physical, the feeling of it. And it was really fun, but pretty impractical, especially because I travel a fair amount.

And so I wondered, is there such a thing as a digital typewriter? And I googled it, and I found Freewrite.

AC: What about Freewrite helps you write?

AJ:I think, pragmatically, just the E Ink screen is a huge deal, because it doesn't exhaust me in the same way. And the idea of having a tool specifically set aside for the process is appealing in an aesthetic way but also a mental-emotional way. When it comes out, it's kind of like ... It's like having an office you work out of. It's just for that.

"The way I tend to write my songs is hunched over a guitar and just seeing what comes. Sounds become words become shapes. It's a very physical process that is really about turning my brain off."

And all of the pragmatic limitations — like you're not getting texts on it, and you're not doing all that stuff on the internet — that's really helpful, too. But just having the mindset....

When I pick up a guitar, or I sit down at the piano, it very much puts me into that space. Having a tool just for words does the same thing. I find that to be really cool and inspiring.

"When I pick up a guitar, or I sit down at the piano, it very much puts me into that space. Having a tool just for words does the same thing."

AC: So mentally it gets you ready for writing.

AJ: Yeah, and also, when you write a Microsoft Word, it looks so finished that it's hard to keep going. If every time I strummed a chord, I was hearing it back, mixed and mastered and produced...?

It's hard to stay in that space when I'm seeing it fully written out and formatted in, like, Times New Roman, looking all seriously back at me.

AC: I get that. I have terrible instincts to edit stuff over and over again and never finish a story.

AJ:  Also, the way you just open it and it's ready to go. So you don't have the stages of the computer turning on, that kind of puts this pressure, this tension on.

It's working at the edges in all these different ways that on their own could feel a little bit like it's not really necessary. All these amorphous things where you could look at it and be like, well, I don't really need any of those. But they add up to a critical mass that actually is significant.

And sometimes, if I want to bring it on a plane, I've found it's replaced reading for me. Rather than pick up a book or bring a book on the plane, I bring Traveler and just kind of hang out in that space and see if anything comes up.

I've found that it's kind of like writing songs on a different instrument, you get different styles of music that you wouldn't have otherwise. I've found that writing from words towards music, I get different kinds of songs than I have in the past, which has been interesting.

In that way, like sitting at a piano, you just write differently than you do on a guitar, or even a bass, because of the things those instruments tend to encourage or that they can do.

It feels almost like a little synthesizer, a different kind of instrument that has unlocked a different kind of approach for me.

"I've found that it's kind of like writing songs on a different instrument, you get different styles of music that you wouldn't have otherwise... [Traveler] feels almost like a little synthesizer, a different kind of instrument that has unlocked a different kind of approach for me."

AC: As someone who doesn't know the first thing about writing music, that's fascinating. It's all magic to me.

AJ: Yeah.

AC: What else are you interested in writing?

AJ: I went to school for film directing. That was kind of what I thought I was going to do. And then my brother and I started the band and that kind of happened first and knocked me onto a different track for a little while after college.

Growing up, though, writing was my way into everything. In directing, I wanted to be in control of the thing that I wrote. And in music, it was the same — the songwriting really feels like it came from that same place. And then the idea of writing longer form, like fiction, almost feels just like the next step from song to EP to album to novel.

For whatever reason, that started feeling like a challenge that would be deeply related to the kinds of work that we do in the studio.

AC: Do you have any advice for aspiring songwriters?

AJ: This sounds like a cliche, but it's totally true: whatever success that I've had as a songwriter — judge that for yourself — but whatever success I have had, has been directly proportional to just writing the song that I wanted to hear.

What I mean by that is, even if you're being coldly, cynically, late-stage capitalist about it, it's by far the most success I've had. The good news is that you don't have to choose. And in fact, when you start making those little compromises, or even begin to inch in that direction, it just doesn't work. So you can forget about it.

Just make music you want to hear. And that will be the music that resonates with most people.

I think there's a temptation to have an imaginary focus group in your head of like 500 people. But the problem is all those people are fake. They're not real. None of those people are actually real people. You're a focus group of one, you're one real person. There are more real people in that focus group than in the imaginary one.

And I just don't think that we're that different, in the end. So that would be my advice.

AC: That seems like generally great creative advice. Because fiction writers talk about that too, right? Do you write to market or do you write the book you want to read. Same thing. And that imaginary focus group has been debilitating for me. I have to silence that focus group before I can write.

AJ: Absolutely.

"I think there's a temptation to have an imaginary focus group in your head of like 500 people. But the problem is all those people are fake... You're a focus group of one, you're one real person. There are more real people in that focus group than in the imaginary one."

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Learn more about Abner James, his brother, and their band, Eighty Ninety, on Instagram.