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La psicología del enfoque

Concetta Cucchiarelli
julio 08, 2024 | 5 lectura mínima

Este artículo explora el fascinante funcionamiento de los sistemas de enfoque y atención en el cerebro. Conocer mejor los procesos cerebrales puede ayudarte a ser más productivo y a sentirte más realizado creativamente.

La psicología comenzó estudiando la atención para descubrir cómo las personas pueden mantenerse alerta. Pero después de muchos años, ahora comprendemos que la atención y la concentración son los sistemas más ocultos y poderosos que tenemos en el cerebro, los que dirigen todos nuestros pensamientos y acciones.

Una vez que comprendas más plenamente la complejidad de los procesos psicológicos que te hacen actuar como lo hacemos, podrás abordar y nutrir todos estos procesos para encontrar armonía y equilibrio en tus actividades.

En este artículo aprenderás:

Atención y concentración

Cuando hablamos de atención y concentración, a menudo lo hacemos como si fueran lo mismo. Pero no lo son.

Solemos pensar en la atención como el lugar donde ponemos nuestro foco y, a la inversa, en el enfoque como aquello a lo que prestamos atención. Pero profundicemos. Para usar una analogía, es como grabar un video:

"Atención" es como encuadrar una toma, mientras que "enfoque" es más como presionar el botón de grabación. Al presionarlo, filtramos todas las alternativas posibles alrededor de ese encuadre y nos comprometemos a permanecer allí un rato, desenfocando el fondo.

En segundo lugar, existen diferentes tipos de atención, como la selectiva , la sostenida y la dividida . Cuando hablamos de atención, solemos pensar solo en la capacidad de mantener la concentración en una tarea durante un período prolongado. Tendemos a creer que esta es la única función de la atención y que el resto son distracciones que debemos evitar.

Pero el sistema de atención es mucho más complejo.

Si tuviéramos la capacidad de concentrarnos en algo, estaríamos atrapados en una tarea cada vez que... Involucrados intencionalmente en algo, perdiéndonos información más relevante o importante que nos transmite nuestra mente, nuestro cuerpo o nuestro entorno. ¡Toda esa información es vital para nuestra seguridad y supervivencia!

El tipo de atención que más solemos considerar se denomina "de arriba a abajo". Impulsa la atención voluntaria, la fuerza de voluntad y las decisiones intencionales, y se produce en el neocórtex, una zona cerebral de desarrollo más reciente.

En la práctica, funciona así: decidimos intencionadamente prestar atención a algo (por ejemplo, leer un artículo) y movemos deliberadamente nuestra atención hacia la página.

Pero si tu teléfono vibra o suena el timbre, nuestra intencionalidad es... Inmediatamente secuestrado por un mecanismo diferente llamado "de abajo a arriba". Este mecanismo nos permite permanecer abiertos y conectados a toda la información que llega a nuestro cerebro, distinta a la tarea en cuestión. Este modo se produce en los circuitos subcorticales de la parte inferior y más antigua del cerebro.

Este cambio es posible gracias a otro factor en el sistema de atención, el filtro atencional . Este filtro es un sistema de neuronas que monitoriza constantemente el entorno y selecciona lo que vale la pena traer al nivel consciente. Podríamos pensar en él como el director, en la misma analogía de la grabación de un video: decide qué vale la pena encuadrar en primer lugar.

El papel del filtro atencional es vital para mantenernos seguros y evitar que nos abrume la cantidad de información disponible en nuestro cerebro en todo momento.

Y quizás lo más importante que debemos recordar: podemos pensar que la mayoría de nuestras operaciones mentales ocurren intencionalmente, de arriba hacia abajo, pero, de hecho, la mayoría de ellas ocurren en el fondo de nuestra mente.

Aprenda cómo podemos dirigir y controlar nuestra atención y enfoque en el artículo de Concetta "Cómo funciona el enfoque psicológicamente".

Enfoque y creatividad

Entonces, ¿qué sucede en nuestro cerebro cuando no estamos haciendo nada intencionalmente o cuando nuestra atención no es captada por algo no intencional, como un auto que se acerca o un teléfono que suena?

Existe un modo llamado “divagación mental” o, dado que es la forma en que el cerebro actúa por defecto, el “modo predeterminado”.

La divagación mental es lo opuesto al modo "concentrarse en la tarea", también llamado "ejecutivo central", y los dos están en un equilibrio muy delicado: cuando uno está activado, el otro está desactivado.

En general, el modo de concentración se relaciona con cosas o eventos externos e internos, pero cuando nuestra mente divaga, nos centramos en nuestro interior. Perdemos contacto con nuestra percepción; solo somos nosotros y nuestros pensamientos.

Esto puede resultar molesto, como cuando sin querer te dejas llevar por pensamientos no relacionados mientras lees un libro, pero el estado de divagación mental también es un recurso poderoso.

De hecho, se le conoce como la cuna de la creatividad. Si se gestiona correctamente, puede contribuir significativamente al proceso creativo. (Sí, puedes contribuir a que sea más productivo).

Si bien la divagación mental puede ser perjudicial para cualquier tarea en la que te estés concentrando inmediatamente, también ayuda a resolver problemas". Como dice el psicólogo Daniel Goleman en su libro Focus: The Hidden Driver of Excellence ,

"Mientras nuestra mente divaga, nos volvemos mejores en todo aquello que depende de un destello de intuición, desde crear juegos de palabras imaginativos hasta inventos y pensamientos originales".

Esto es posible porque, sin las restricciones o filtros que tenemos cuando prestamos atención intencionalmente, nuestro cerebro es libre de reensamblar y conectar cosas.

El problema es que la divagación mental parece ocurrir de forma impredecible, y no la hacemos por orden. Pero la buena noticia es que este modo "predeterminado" no es totalmente aleatorio.

En cambio, parece seleccionar los asuntos pendientes que pueblan nuestro inconsciente. Así, si alimentamos nuestra mente con preguntas abiertas o problemas que nos interesan o nos despiertan curiosidad, trabajará en ellos, buscando la solución, ensamblando todas las piezas y recopilando todas las pistas que, conscientemente, jamás combinaríamos.

Obtenga más información sobre cómo inducir este importante estado de creatividad en "El papel del enfoque en la creatividad".

Consumir vs. Crear

A menudo, el consumo de medios y creatividad ajenos puede inducir un estado de divagación mental. Por ejemplo, ver una película en Netflix a veces nos permite desconectar y empezar a pensar en otras cosas. Es una forma valiosa de descansar la mente y desconectarse de los pensamientos generados activamente.

Sin embargo, y esto es una gran salvedad, en el mundo actual es demasiado fácil quedar atrapado en el bucle de consumo infinito de maratones de series, desplazamientos interminables u horas que se evaporan en agujeros de conejo digitales.

De hecho, debemos recordar que el contenido actual, especialmente el digital, se crea con el propósito de mantenernos atrapados, aprovechando el sistema de recompensa de la dopamina para mantenernos enganchados y buscando nuevas dosis de dopamina. Nuestro tiempo en aplicaciones, sitios web y redes sociales es la forma en que estas plataformas generan ingresos.

Es por eso que a menudo nos encontramos navegando o viendo programas en streaming incluso cuando queremos ser creativos: queremos escribir, dibujar, pintar o crear algo de la nada.

Nuestros cerebros saben más. No queremos simplemente consumir los pensamientos ni el arte de otros.

Lo que realmente queremos es la capacidad de elegir y cambiar nuestro enfoque a voluntad. Queremos mantenernos enfocados, pero también dejar que nuestra mente descanse. ¿Cómo podemos ser, en la práctica, las personas más creativas y productivas de forma sostenible y saludable?

Tenemos muchos procesos que pueden tener resultados contraproducentes por defecto, pero si se gestionan correctamente, pueden convertirse en una superpotencia.

Aprenda cómo salir del bucle del consumo y hacer de la creación su superpoder en: "La batalla del consumo vs. la creación".

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Cada vez que escribo sobre la atención, me asombra cómo todo funciona en perfecta armonía y cómo este cerebro nuestro es capaz de crear maravillas de la nada.

El uso responsable de todo el circuito del cerebro puede llevarnos a una vida creativa, feliz y plena.

noviembre 29, 2025 4 lectura mínima

The Great Freewrite Séance: A Ghost'ly Charity Auction Full Terms & Conditions

These Terms and Conditions (“Terms”) govern participation in The Great Freewrite Séance: A Ghost'ly Charity Auction (“Auction”), organized by Freewrite (“Organizer,” “we,” “us,” or “our”). By registering for, bidding in, or otherwise participating in the Auction, you (“Participant,” “Bidder,” or “Winner”) agree to be bound by these Terms.

1. Auction Overview

1.1. The Auction offers for sale a limited number of Freewrite Traveler Ghost Edition units (“Items” or “Ghost Traveler units”), each personally signed and drawn on by a featured author.

1.2. All proceeds, net of explicitly disclosed administrative costs, will be donated to the charity or charitable initiative (“Charity”) identified on each auction item’s page, as chosen by the respective author.

2. Eligibility

2.1. Participants must be at least 18 years old or the age of majority in their jurisdiction, whichever is higher.

2.2. Employees of Freewrite, the participating authors, or any affiliates directly involved in the Auction are not eligible to bid.

2.3. By participating, you represent that you are legally permitted to take part in online auctions and to pay for any bids you win.

3. Auction Registration

3.1. Participants must create an account on the auction platform or otherwise register using accurate, current, and complete information.

3.2. Freewrite reserves the right to verify identity and to disqualify any Participant who provides false or misleading information.

4. Bidding Rules

4.1. All bids are binding, final, and non-retractable.

4.2. Bidders are responsible for monitoring their bids; Freewrite is not liable for missed notifications or technical issues on the auction platform or the Participant’s device.

4.3. Freewrite reserves the right to:

  • set minimum bids or bid increments;
  • reject bids deemed in bad faith or intended to disrupt the Auction;
  • extend, pause, or cancel the Auction in case of technical difficulties, fraud, or events beyond reasonable control.

5. Winning Bids and Payment

5.1. The highest valid bid at the close of the Auction is the Winning Bid, and the corresponding Participant becomes the Winner.

5.2. Winners will receive payment instructions and must complete payment within 48 hours of the auction’s close unless otherwise stated.

5.3. Failure to complete payment on time may result in forfeiture, and Freewrite may offer the Item to the next highest bidder.

5.4. Accepted payment methods will be listed on the Auction platform. All payments must be made in the currency specified.

6. Item Description and Condition

6.1. Each Ghost Traveler unit is authentic, and the signatures, doodles, and messages are original works created by the participating author. These are authors, not artists. By bidding on the Item, you acknowledge that you are receiving a one-of-a-kind unit marked with unique art and messages and you agree to these terms and conditions.

6.2. Because Items are customized and signed by hand, variations, imperfections, or unique marks are to be expected. These are considered part of the Item’s character and not defects.

6.3. Items are provided “as-is” and “as-available.” Freewrite makes no warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

7. Shipping & Delivery

7.1. Shipping costs, import duties, and taxes may apply unless explicitly stated otherwise.

7.2. Freewrite will make reasonable efforts to ship Items within the estimated timeline but cannot guarantee delivery dates.

7.3. Title and risk of loss transfer to the Winner upon delivery to the carrier.

7.4. Freewrite is not responsible for delays, damage, or loss caused by the courier or customs agencies.

8. Charity Donation

8.1. Net proceeds from the Auction will be donated to the Charity designated on each Item page.

8.2. Donation amounts and recipients may be disclosed publicly unless prohibited by law.

8.3. Winners acknowledge that they are purchasing Items, not making a tax-deductible donation to Freewrite; therefore, Winners will not receive charitable tax receipts unless Freewrite explicitly states otherwise in compliance with applicable laws.

9. Intellectual Property

9.1. All trademarks, brand names, product names, and creative materials associated with Freewrite and the Ghost Traveler remain the exclusive property of Freewrite or their respective rights holders.

9.2. Participants may not reproduce, distribute, or publicly display the authors’ doodles without permission where such rights are applicable, except as allowed by law (e.g., resale of the physical Item).

10. Privacy

10.1. By participating, you consent to Freewrite’s collection, use, and storage of your personal data in accordance with our Privacy Policy.

10.2. Freewrite may publicly announce auction results, including Winner’s first name, last initial, city, state/country, and winning bid amount unless prohibited by law or unless you formally request anonymity when possible.

11. Prohibited Conduct

Participants may not:

  • engage in bid manipulation, fraud, or collusive bidding;
  • use automated systems (bots, scripts, scrapers) to place or monitor bids;
  • interfere with the Auction, platform, or other participants

Freewrite may ban or disqualify any Participant violating these rules.

12. Limitation of Liability

To the fullest extent permitted by law:

12.1. Freewrite is not liable for indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages arising from the Auction or purchase of Items.

12.2. Freewrite’s total liability in connection with these Terms shall not exceed the amount of the Winning Bid actually paid by the Participant.

12.3. Freewrite is not responsible for technical malfunctions, internet outages, system failures, or other issues beyond its control.

13. Cancellation and Force Majeure

Freewrite may cancel, postpone, or modify the Auction due to unforeseen circumstances, including but not limited to natural disasters, system failures, strikes, or events affecting participating authors or the Charity.

14. Governing Law & Dispute Resolution

14.1. These Terms are governed by the laws of Michigan, without regard to conflict-of-law rules.

14.2. Any disputes arising under these Terms will be resolved through binding arbitration or the courts of the specified jurisdiction, as applicable.

14.3. Participants waive any right to participate in class-action lawsuits relating to the Auction.

15. Amendments

Freewrite may update these Terms at any time. Continued participation in the Auction after updates constitutes acceptance of the revised Terms.

16. Contact Information

For questions or concerns regarding the Auction or these Terms, contact: hello@getfreewrite.com.

noviembre 25, 2025 1 lectura mínima

This is a great gratitude writing exercise to be done alone or in a group, with people of any age.

How to Play

    1. Designate someone to read out each prompt below. (Feel free to add your own prompts.)
    2. After each prompt is read, set a timer for one minute. (With younger kids, this can be shortened. For older folks who want to freewrite meaningfully, more time can be added.)
    3. Each person freewrites by finishing the sentence and elaborating until the timer goes off. (For little kids, this can be done verbally with an adult recording their answers. Hilarity will ensue.)
    4. Remeber that freewriting — allowing yourself to write with abandon — enables you to let go, tapping into your subconscious to explore your thoughts more deeply.
    5. When everyone is done with all the prompts, take turns going through some your answers. Some people may be eager to share. Others may not want to. Respect their decision.

The Prompts

  • I'm grateful for... [After you've finished this prompt, repeat it five times. Challenge yourself and others not to repeat a singe word with each new answer.]
  • The silliest thing I'm grateful for is...
  • The littlest thing I'm grateful for is...
  • The biggest thing I'm grateful for is...
  • The grossest thing I'm grateful for is...
  • One thing I love about myself is...
  • My favorite thing that happened this year was...
  • My hope for next year is...

This writing exercise has resulted in some sweet answers — and many hilarious ones, too. If you try it out, do let us know.

Write on.

noviembre 21, 2025 4 lectura mínima

For the release of Sailfish, our new firmware update for Smart Typewriter Gen3 and Traveler, we created a brand-new boot-up animation to surprise and delight our writers.

We worked with talented Danish animator Mathias Lynge to bring our experience of the writer's journey to life.

We had a blast visualizing the writer's journey in this new way. Our engineers also had a blast (or something less than a blast) figuring out how to adjust this fun, playful animation to E Ink's very tricky specifications. Hello, refresh rate woes! But we think the result is pretty fun.

"The little animation made my day when I noticed. I love a good flourish."

- Freewrite user

The process of creating this animation was long and full of Zoom calls where we deeply discussed the writing process. We were struck through those conversations by how much overlap there is in creative processes of all disciplines.

So we sat down to chat with Mathias about his creative process and what it's like being a full-time animator.

ANNIE COSBY: Let's start with the basics. What kind of art do you make?

MATHIAS LYNGE: I'm a 2D animator and motion designer working freelance with a wide range of clients. The style varies depending on the project, but it’s usually either a hand-drawn look animated frame-by-frame on a drawing tablet, or a more digital, vectorized look made in After Effects.

While much of what I do is commercial work, I try to keep up with my own passion projects as well. That could be a 10-second Instagram loop of a nature scene, or an interesting character design I’ve sketched down with a pencil. It’s there that I get to sharpen my skills and try out new techniques, which often find their way into later client projects.

AC: You often share educational content on social media for other artists. Are you formally trained, or did you teach yourself?

ML: I’m mostly self-taught. I’ve been drawing for as long as I can remember, but it wasn’t until I went to university that I realized drawing could become a career.

When I first heard terms like “motion design” and “The 12 Principles of Animation” I was on a student exchange program at UCSB in California, where I had chosen a class called "Introduction to Animation." It was a big eye-opener for me, and from that point I was hooked.

But it’s mainly been online YouTube tutorials and my existing drawing experience that have taught me what I know.

Now, I have a big presence on social media, where I share my art as well as educational content centered around animation in Adobe After Effects, so I guess you could say that I'm also an animation influencer!

I’ve been drawing for as long as I can remember, but it wasn’t until I went to university that I realized drawing could become a career.

AC: That's actually how I first found your work. Do you have any specific artists who inspire you?

ML:In the world of 2D animation, I have a list of personal heroes that inspire me with their unique style: Reece Parker, Ariel Costa a.k.a. BlinkMyBrain, and Tony Babel, to name a few.

I also find a lot of inspiration from illustrators and painters I discover online, on platforms such as Pinterest. Last year I made a sparkling water animation that was heavily inspired by Cornwall-based artist Gordon Hunt. He makes these beautiful nature-inspired pointillist paintings that capture how light hits the ocean using colorful dots of paint. I tried to recreate that effect using After Effects to bring it to life, and it led me to a whole new way of animating within the program.

AC: Where else do you draw inspiration to create your work?

ML: I’m heavily inspired by the nature and cityscapes around me in Copenhagen, and I find that taking long walks through parks or down the streets of my neighborhood really sparks my imagination.

I’ll often carry around a sketchbook to quickly scribble down an idea or a loose sketch of something I find interesting, such as seeing how the light from a lamppost hits the surrounding leaves, or how the wind moves the tree in a certain way.

Then I’ll think to myself, “I wonder if I can recreate that motion using a specific technique in After Effects?”

I’m heavily inspired by the nature and cityscapes around me in Copenhagen...

AC: What does your daily routine look like as a full-time artist?

ML: It varies a lot, but I’m usually either working hard on a client project or tinkering away with a new animation tutorial for my social media channels.

I love being able to switch between the two, and when I’m going through a client dry spell, I find that staying creative and posting animation-related content helps keep me inspired while also putting things out into the world that may lead to my next client down the road.

AC: What's your #1 piece of advice for animators new to the industry?

ML: Keep experimenting and trying out new techniques. There’s no such thing as running out of creativity, and even though many of the things you try don’t necessarily go anywhere, it’s all experience that adds up and expands your toolbox. It’s a muscle that needs to be worked out regularly.

Plus, you’ll have more awesome animation to choose from when you’re putting together your next showreel or portfolio!

There’s no such thing as running out of creativity...

AC: What's one fun fact about you completely unrelated to animation?

ML:I’m a big sucker for history podcasts, especially if they are about ancient civilizations, such as The History of Rome by Mike Duncan.

I find it fascinating to hear how mankind was able to build such great empires without ever knowing what electricity, cars, or the internet are.

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Follow along on Mathias's creative journey and find his free educational content on Instagram.

To learn more about working together, find him on LinkedIn or visit his website at www.mathiaslynge.com.

Learn more about Sailfish here.