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Mostrar y contar: transforme su escritura usando ambos

julio 18, 2017 | 6 lectura mínima


La publicación invitada de hoy es de Jackie Dever, editora asociada de Aionios Books , una pequeña editorial de modelo tradicional con sede en el sur de California.


Desde el póster plastificado en la pared de tu clase de tercer grado hasta las notas al margen de tus compañeros escritores en tu grupo de crítica, un lema se repite constantemente durante la mayor parte de nuestra vida como escritores: "Muestra, no cuentes". El impulso de simplificar los consejos de escritura es legítimo. Pero como con la mayoría de las cosas en la vida, es mejor pensarlo bien antes de aplicar etiquetas negativas. "Mostrar" y "contar" no tienen por qué contradecirse en la escritura. En lugar de valorar un método sobre el otro, es hora de comprender cómo y cuándo cada una de estas estrategias puede ayudarte.

Demostración

Las historias no se limitan a lo visual, así que la exhibición literaria va más allá de pintar imágenes con palabras. Mostrar evoca los sentidos, y la escritura más exuberante los evoca todos . Si tu lector puede verlo, oírlo, olerlo, saborearlo o tocarlo, ¡felicidades! Estás mostrando.

Tu personaje no solo observa las olas que convierten el océano verde y brillante en espuma; siente la arena entre los dedos de los pies y el escozor del agua salada en el corte de su tobillo. Saborea el fuerte sabor salado del mar y oye el rugido sordo de las olas. Ve manchas de algas como hematomas más allá de las rompientes.

No es necesario que cada escena pase por una lista de verificación de detalles sensoriales. Elige los que se adapten mejor a la percepción de tus personajes. Un niño en un zoológico interactivo, por ejemplo, se centraría en la suavidad de las ovejas y la sedosidad de las orejas de las cabras. Un hombre que acampa solo en el sendero de los Apalaches, en cambio, prestaría mucha atención a los sonidos nocturnos del bosque circundante.

Es fácil confundir adjetivos como "hermoso" o "aterrador" con "mostrar". Pero cada lector imagina estos conceptos de forma diferente. Una exhibición genuina elimina las conjeturas y guía al lector hacia una escena compartida.

Una presentación realmente extrema amplía la imagen con una claridad microscópica. Estas ampliaciones son muy entretenidas de leer cuando se hacen bien. Pero cuidado: también pueden alterar el ritmo de la narrativa y dificultar la identificación de los temas importantes. Cuando se le da a todo una importancia excesiva, todo pierde importancia.

Narración

Contar transmite información sin detalles matizados. Son solo los hechos, señora. El lector llena los vacíos con su imaginación. Cuando cuentas, tu personaje mete el pie en el océano, pero no lo siente, ni lo huele, ni lo oye.

Contar ayuda a mantener el ritmo de una historia o a aportar información de fondo. En su forma más pura, contar se lee como un resumen abreviado. Solemos burlarnos de ello, pero, al igual que mostrar, contar es importante en cualquier historia.

Cuándo mostrar

Quieres que tu audiencia interactúe con el mundo que has creado, pero de forma deliberada. Usa tu capacidad descriptiva para captar la atención de los lectores. Idealmente, sea lo que sea que noten, sea cual sea el momento en que se detengan a admirar un pasaje, habrás diseñado el patrón con tus palabras.

Pregúntate "¿por qué?" con cada descripción. ¿Por qué necesitas cuatro frases sobre el sándwich de queso en una mesa de restaurante? A menos que ese sándwich tenga una función crucial en la trama, a nadie le importa mucho la esponjosidad exacta del pan ni la textura aceitosa del queso americano derretido.

Comunicar un tema

Tu presentación selectiva da pistas a los lectores, a la vez que les permite inferir un significado más profundo por sí mismos. Es la diferencia entre afirmar que «el chico quería desesperadamente ganar la carrera» y describir las sensaciones físicas que experimenta al acercarse a la meta.

Presagiar la importancia de algo

El énfasis en objetos o lugares anima al lector a estar atento a la relevancia futura que estos tendrán para la trama. En una novela policíaca, no se puede decir de entrada que la pelota de béisbol que el nervioso primera base no deja de golpear de una mano a la otra es el arma homicida, pero sí se puede describir con todo detalle. O tal vez se decida posponer la ubicación de la escena culminante de la tormenta en una desgarradora historia de aventuras, pero se puede preparar sutilmente al lector con escenas de playa o navegación ricas en detalles.

Disminuya la velocidad del lector para aumentar la tensión

Cuando haces que tu lector se detenga a observar cada detalle de una escena seleccionada, lo expones a un cambio repentino de tono. Le das una sensación de anticipación por los eventos venideros, pero la distraes con detalles minuciosos —la sensación de la barandilla del porche en la casa abandonada y el peso del aire húmedo— en momentos cruciales. La haces estremecer ante cada descripción de tacto, sonido y sombra revoloteando. Luego, cuando se encuentra en este estado de euforia, derrumbas la conclusión de la escena.

Cuándo contarlo

No todas las escenas merecen un espectáculo. Contar, por pequeña que sea su parte de la historia, sigue siendo una gran habilidad que dominar.

Proporcionar antecedentes

Un resumen de la historia de un personaje o una explicación de la terminología contextualiza tus palabras. Para evitar pasajes largos y aburridos, ofrece detalles relevantes según sea necesario, justo antes de la escena correspondiente.

Avanzar rápidamente con la prosa

Las escenas conectivas son importantes para explicar los cambios de ubicación o tiempo, pero normalmente es mejor prescindir de ellas rápidamente. ¿Escena de itinerario de viaje? "Jason abordó un vuelo nocturno a Taiwán" es todo lo que el lector necesita saber. Guarde sus tentaciones sensoriales para después de aterrizar.

Dar contexto

Quizás necesites preparar rápidamente a tus lectores para que se enfrenten a un estado de ánimo o tema específico. Así, les dirás que John estaba triste porque su esposa se había ido hacía tres días, que su matrimonio había sido infeliz durante años. Luego, les mostrarás las pilas de cajas de pizza, el olor a basura en el fregadero y el sonido nocturno de los anuncios publicitarios que marcaron su declive.

Dejemos que el lector interprete un concepto abstracto

Los adjetivos generales son atractivos en situaciones donde se busca que los lectores imaginen un detalle por sí mismos. Quizás se busca que un personaje sea atractivo de forma genérica. Se usan adjetivos abstractos como «intenso», «fuerte» y «robusto» para transmitir la idea. Así, los lectores incorporan su propia visión de la belleza a tu personaje (en lugar de conformarse con tu versión del término).

Conozca siempre los detalles, ya sea que los comparta o no

No vas a revelarle todo al lector, pero aun así necesitarás conocer todos los detalles. Los lectores son inteligentes: saben cuándo te aburriste a mitad del capítulo y descartaste toda esa información solo para terminarlo.

Combinando mostrar y contar

Los escritores sofisticados entienden "mostrar" y "contar" como puntos de un continuo, cada uno con valor en ciertas escenas. Usar un recurso no significa no usar el otro. A menudo, incluso funcionan juntos en el mismo párrafo.

Cuando quieras añadir un toque de expresionismo a los pasajes, trabaja con sustantivos, verbos y adjetivos. ¿Tu personaje conduce un coche o un Camaro rojo cereza? ¿El hombre del banco es simplemente viejo o tiene manchas? ¿El villano camina o camina a grandes zancadas? Un simple cambio de palabra puede ayudar a consolidar la imagen.

Los escritores maduros utilizan todo su conjunto de habilidades

Como autores de primaria, usamos las herramientas que nos brindan, los mandamientos que nos transmiten nuestros maestros, para afinar nuestras habilidades de composición. Dado que un niño de nueve años tiene más probabilidades de avanzar a toda velocidad hacia el final de una historia que de perderse en la maraña de prosa florida, prevalece el lema "Mostrarás, no contarás". Pero si bien incluso el escritor adulto necesita un recordatorio ocasional para detenerse y percibir los detalles sensoriales, el valor de una estrategia de escritura no invalida el de otra. Una combinación acertada de mostrar y contar te ayudará a lograr el objetivo de todo escritor: mantener a tus lectores leyendo.

Adictos a las palabras, ¿qué opinan sobre mostrar y contar? ¡Cuéntennos en los comentarios!


Jackie Dever Jackie Dever es editora y escritora en el sur de California. Ha editado blogs, materiales corporativos, textos académicos, novelas y biografías. Es editora asociada en Aionios Books , una pequeña editorial tradicional con sede en el sur de California. Recientemente terminó la corrección de las memorias "A Few Minor Adjustments" , ganadora del Premio del Libro de San Diego en 2017. (Septiembre de 2017) por Cherie Kephart. Escribe en su blog sobre escritura y publicación, tendencias de estilo de vida millennial y deportes al aire libre.

diciembre 18, 2025 5 lectura mínima

¿Qué pueden enseñar las cartas personales de Jane Austen a los escritores?

diciembre 10, 2025 6 lectura mínima

Singer-songwriter Abner James finds his creativity in the quiet freedom of analog tools. Learn how his creative process transcends different media.

Abner James went to school for film directing. But the success of the band he and his brother formed together, Eighty Ninety, knocked him onto a different trajectory.

The band has accrued more than 40 million streams since the release of their debut EP “Elizabeth," and their work was even co-signed by Taylor Swift when the singer added Eighty Ninety to her playlist "Songs Taylor Loves.”

Now, Abner is returning to long-form writing in addition to songwriting, and with a change in media comes an examination of the creative process. We sat down to chat about what's the same — and what's different. 

ANNIE COSBY: Tell us about your songwriting process.

ABNER JAMES: The way I tend to write my songs is hunched over a guitar and just seeing what comes. Sounds become words become shapes. It's a very physical process that is really about turning my brain off.

And one of the things that occurred to me when I was traveling, actually, was that I would love to be able to do that but from a writing perspective. What would happen if I sat down and approached writing in the same way that I approached music? In a more intuitive and free-form kind of way? What would that dig up?

AC: That's basically the ethos of Freewrite.

AJ: Yes. We had just put out a record, and I was thinking about how to get into writing for the next one. It occurred to me that regardless of how I started, I always finished on a screen. And I wondered: what's the acoustic guitar version of writing?

Where there's not blue light hitting me in the face. Even if I'm using my Notes app, it's the same thing. It really gets me into a different mindset.

 "I wondered: what's the acoustic guitar version of writing?"

I grew up playing piano. That was my first instrument. And I found an old typewriter at a thrift store, and I love it. It actually reminded me a lot of playing piano, the kind of physical, the feeling of it. And it was really fun, but pretty impractical, especially because I travel a fair amount.

And so I wondered, is there such a thing as a digital typewriter? And I googled it, and I found Freewrite.

AC: What about Freewrite helps you write?

AJ:I think, pragmatically, just the E Ink screen is a huge deal, because it doesn't exhaust me in the same way. And the idea of having a tool specifically set aside for the process is appealing in an aesthetic way but also a mental-emotional way. When it comes out, it's kind of like ... It's like having an office you work out of. It's just for that.

"The way I tend to write my songs is hunched over a guitar and just seeing what comes. Sounds become words become shapes. It's a very physical process that is really about turning my brain off."

And all of the pragmatic limitations — like you're not getting texts on it, and you're not doing all that stuff on the internet — that's really helpful, too. But just having the mindset....

When I pick up a guitar, or I sit down at the piano, it very much puts me into that space. Having a tool just for words does the same thing. I find that to be really cool and inspiring.

"When I pick up a guitar, or I sit down at the piano, it very much puts me into that space. Having a tool just for words does the same thing."

AC: So mentally it gets you ready for writing.

AJ: Yeah, and also, when you write a Microsoft Word, it looks so finished that it's hard to keep going. If every time I strummed a chord, I was hearing it back, mixed and mastered and produced...?

It's hard to stay in that space when I'm seeing it fully written out and formatted in, like, Times New Roman, looking all seriously back at me.

AC: I get that. I have terrible instincts to edit stuff over and over again and never finish a story.

AJ:  Also, the way you just open it and it's ready to go. So you don't have the stages of the computer turning on, that kind of puts this pressure, this tension on.

It's working at the edges in all these different ways that on their own could feel a little bit like it's not really necessary. All these amorphous things where you could look at it and be like, well, I don't really need any of those. But they add up to a critical mass that actually is significant.

And sometimes, if I want to bring it on a plane, I've found it's replaced reading for me. Rather than pick up a book or bring a book on the plane, I bring Traveler and just kind of hang out in that space and see if anything comes up.

I've found that it's kind of like writing songs on a different instrument, you get different styles of music that you wouldn't have otherwise. I've found that writing from words towards music, I get different kinds of songs than I have in the past, which has been interesting.

In that way, like sitting at a piano, you just write differently than you do on a guitar, or even a bass, because of the things those instruments tend to encourage or that they can do.

It feels almost like a little synthesizer, a different kind of instrument that has unlocked a different kind of approach for me.

"I've found that it's kind of like writing songs on a different instrument, you get different styles of music that you wouldn't have otherwise... [Traveler] feels almost like a little synthesizer, a different kind of instrument that has unlocked a different kind of approach for me."

AC: As someone who doesn't know the first thing about writing music, that's fascinating. It's all magic to me.

AJ: Yeah.

AC: What else are you interested in writing?

AJ: I went to school for film directing. That was kind of what I thought I was going to do. And then my brother and I started the band and that kind of happened first and knocked me onto a different track for a little while after college.

Growing up, though, writing was my way into everything. In directing, I wanted to be in control of the thing that I wrote. And in music, it was the same — the songwriting really feels like it came from that same place. And then the idea of writing longer form, like fiction, almost feels just like the next step from song to EP to album to novel.

For whatever reason, that started feeling like a challenge that would be deeply related to the kinds of work that we do in the studio.

AC: Do you have any advice for aspiring songwriters?

AJ: This sounds like a cliche, but it's totally true: whatever success that I've had as a songwriter — judge that for yourself — but whatever success I have had, has been directly proportional to just writing the song that I wanted to hear.

What I mean by that is, even if you're being coldly, cynically, late-stage capitalist about it, it's by far the most success I've had. The good news is that you don't have to choose. And in fact, when you start making those little compromises, or even begin to inch in that direction, it just doesn't work. So you can forget about it.

Just make music you want to hear. And that will be the music that resonates with most people.

I think there's a temptation to have an imaginary focus group in your head of like 500 people. But the problem is all those people are fake. They're not real. None of those people are actually real people. You're a focus group of one, you're one real person. There are more real people in that focus group than in the imaginary one.

And I just don't think that we're that different, in the end. So that would be my advice.

AC: That seems like generally great creative advice. Because fiction writers talk about that too, right? Do you write to market or do you write the book you want to read. Same thing. And that imaginary focus group has been debilitating for me. I have to silence that focus group before I can write.

AJ: Absolutely.

"I think there's a temptation to have an imaginary focus group in your head of like 500 people. But the problem is all those people are fake... You're a focus group of one, you're one real person. There are more real people in that focus group than in the imaginary one."

--

Learn more about Abner James, his brother, and their band, Eighty Ninety, on Instagram.

noviembre 29, 2025 4 lectura mínima

The Great Freewrite Séance: A Ghost'ly Charity Auction Full Terms & Conditions

These Terms and Conditions (“Terms”) govern participation in The Great Freewrite Séance: A Ghost'ly Charity Auction (“Auction”), organized by Freewrite (“Organizer,” “we,” “us,” or “our”). By registering for, bidding in, or otherwise participating in the Auction, you (“Participant,” “Bidder,” or “Winner”) agree to be bound by these Terms.

1. Auction Overview

1.1. The Auction offers for sale a limited number of Freewrite Traveler Ghost Edition units (“Items” or “Ghost Traveler units”), each personally signed and drawn on by a featured author.

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