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Le New York Times se trompe sur la science-fiction

Harrison Cook
novembre 21, 2024 | 5 lire la lecture

Même s'il date de quatre ans maintenant, l'article du New York Times de 2021 affirmant que HG Wells a inventé le genre de la science-fiction fait toujours le tour des réseaux sociaux, suscitant l'indignation, la résistance et coupant les cheveux en quatre littéraires.

Vous connaissez le genre littéraire : nous sommes cultivés et aimons citer nos sources et, eh bien, avoir raison. Je parle d'expérience. C'est pourquoi je suis sûr de vous que le New York Times a oublié ce petit livre intitulé Frankenstein .

Frankenstein ou le Prométhée moderne de Mary Shelley fusionne des éléments romantiques et gothiques pour créer un récit que beaucoup qualifient d'horreur gothique. Mais sa fascination pour la technologie de l'époque (comme l'électricité circulant dans les bobines Tesla) a poussé son imagination et son écriture à créer un avenir sans mort. Son roman fondateur examine comment cela complexifie la vie des mortels.

Et si quelqu'un pouvait réanimer un être cher ou créer un amalgame de parties de corps morts ? Quelle âme occupe ce nouveau corps ? Que révèle-t-il sur la conscience du scientifique qui poursuit de telles recherches ?

C'est de la pure science-fiction.

Découvrez l’inspiration derrière Frankenstein et les détails biographiques qui brossent un tableau plus clair de Mary Shelley, la véritable pionnière de la science-fiction !

Vous connaissez le genre littéraire : nous sommes cultivés et aimons citer nos sources et, disons-le, avoir raison. Je parle d'expérience. C'est pourquoi je vous le dis avec assurance. Le New York Times j'ai oublié ce petit livre appelé Frankenstein .

Mary Shelley a eu une enfance intéressante

Mary Shelley a été élevée par son père, journaliste politique et philosophe, et a souvent été encouragée à écrire malgré son manque d'éducation formelle. Son père fréquentait régulièrement les intellectuels les plus influents de son époque, ce qui a inspiré ses récits.

Bien qu'il existe de nombreuses traditions sur Mary Shelley, parfois difficiles à séparer de la vérité, la vie de Shelley était aussi sombre, gothique et pleine de passion que l'horreur qu'elle a écrite.

Abordons le sujet crucial : oui, il est plus que probable que Mary Shelley ait perdu sa carte de V avec son futur mari, Percy Shelley, sur la tombe de sa mère. Il y a beaucoup à décortiquer.

Percy était poète, donc on attendait presque de lui qu'il fasse des choses ouvertement folles, et Mary a perdu sa mère dix jours après sa naissance, alors peut-être qu'elle a aussi un laissez-passer.

Cependant, le parallèle entre Mary Shelley et son personnage fictif Victor Frankenstein est clair, étant donné que dans le roman, le Dr Frankenstein complète souvent ses cours d'anatomie et de chimie en déterrant des tombes et en comparant leurs parties.

Dans toute fiction, il y a quelque chose de réel, et dans tout ce qui est réel, il y a de la fiction.

La science qui a créé le monstre de Frankenstein

Les théories scientifiques des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles sont insolites, mais recèlent aussi des vérités surprenantes. Le galvanisme, branche scientifique majeure de l'époque, suggérait que le système électrique du corps pouvait être réactivé par la réintroduction d'un courant dans les substances chimiques du corps, ce qui a conduit à la croyance qu'il était possible de réanimer le corps dans les bonnes conditions et avec les matériaux appropriés.

Mary et Percy Shelley assisteraient à une démonstration scientifique de ce principe lors d'un symposium itinérant – un événement magnifiquement stylisé dans le film biographique Mary Shelley , avec Elle Fanning. Les scientifiques y chargeraient une tige métallique et la presseraient sur la peau d'une grenouille morte, qui reprendrait vie « comme par magie ».

Un lecteur moderne sait bien sûr qu'il s'agit simplement d'un courant électrique provoquant la contraction des muscles du cadavre. Mais mettez-vous à la place du public de ce symposium et imaginez voir une grenouille morte se débattre : ce serait digne d'une science folle, digne d'un roman !

À cette époque, le dialogue entre les arts et les sciences était plus intense, et les précurseurs de la découverte étaient souvent représentés à parts égales par une passion fervente et une puissance redoutable. Ce modèle a clairement servi de modèle au médecin lui-même.

Dans le roman, le Dr Frankenstein fait référence à la célèbre expérience de Benjamin Franklin, la clé et le cerf-volant, pour tester la trajectoire des éclairs. On spécule même sur le fait que les deux personnages partagent les mêmes cinq lettres dans leur nom de famille.

Il y avait aussi à cette époque un dialogue plus étroit entre les arts et les sciences, qui présentaient souvent les hérauts de la découverte comme des êtres à parts égales de passion fervente et de puissance redoutable.

La soirée pyjama de l'écriture

Un autre cadre légendaire : la soirée pyjama transformée en concours d'écriture qui a donné naissance à The Modern Prometheus . Lord Byron, John Polidori, le médecin personnel de Byron, et Percy et Mary Shelley se sont mutuellement chargés d'écrire une histoire de fantômes tout en échappant à la pluie d'été en Suisse.

Mary écrivit initialement une version courte de Frankenstein , qui fut ensuite développée et éditée par Percy Shelley. Lord Byron écrivit les prémices d'une nouvelle sur les vampires, et Polidori la développa en un roman intitulé Le Vampyre . On pense que Percy commença une nouvelle sur son enfance, mais l'abandonna pour travailler à un recueil de poèmes.

Bien que plusieurs œuvres littéraires aient été produites lors de ce voyage, une seule a véritablement résisté à l'épreuve du temps, subissant d'innombrables réinterprétations et adaptations. Songez aux adolescentes dépressives qui incarnent le petit ami « parfait » dans Lisa Frankenstein , et aux expériences visant à apprendre à être humain, comme dans Les Pauvres Choses .

La relation entre le créateur et ce qui est créé, un archétype utilisé pour créer le genre de science-fiction par Mary Shelley, ne manque jamais de décevoir.

En conclusion

On devrait peut-être accorder une pause à un journaliste et rédacteur en chef du NYT surmené. Peut-être.

Le hic, c'est que si Wells a certainement contribué à façonner le genre de la science-fiction, l'article a échappé de justesse à une pionnière clé de la science-fiction, Mary Shelley. À la naissance de H.G. Wells en 1866, Frankenstein ou le Prométhée moderne de Shelley était publié depuis 48 ans.

Il est grand temps que nous cessions d'effacer les contributions des femmes écrivaines de notre histoire littéraire collective. Point final.

Pensez-y de cette façon : le monstre de Frankenstein a couru (ou s'est avancé) pour que les Martiens de Wells puissent planifier leur invasion terrestre.

Pensez-y de cette façon : le monstre de Frankenstein a couru (ou s'est avancé) pour que les Martiens de Wells puissent planifier leur invasion terrestre.

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Ressources

Dr Audrey Shafer. « Pourquoi les questions soulevées dans Frankenstein sont toujours d'actualité 200 ans plus tard », Stanford Medicine Magazine, 1er février 2024, stanmed.stanford.edu/why-issues-raised-in-frankenstein-still-matter-200-years-later .
Reef, Catherine. Mary Shelley : L'étrange histoire vraie du créateur de Frankenstein. Clarion Books, 2018.
« L'histoire de Mary Shelley. » The Queen's Reading Room, 10 novembre 2023, thequeensreadingroom.co.uk/the-story-of-mary-shelley .
novembre 29, 2025 4 lire la lecture

The Great Freewrite Séance: A Ghost'ly Charity Auction Full Terms & Conditions

These Terms and Conditions (“Terms”) govern participation in The Great Freewrite Séance: A Ghost'ly Charity Auction (“Auction”), organized by Freewrite (“Organizer,” “we,” “us,” or “our”). By registering for, bidding in, or otherwise participating in the Auction, you (“Participant,” “Bidder,” or “Winner”) agree to be bound by these Terms.

1. Auction Overview

1.1. The Auction offers for sale a limited number of Freewrite Traveler Ghost Edition units (“Items” or “Ghost Traveler units”), each personally signed and drawn on by a featured author.

1.2. All proceeds, net of explicitly disclosed administrative costs, will be donated to the charity or charitable initiative (“Charity”) identified on each auction item’s page, as chosen by the respective author.

2. Eligibility

2.1. Participants must be at least 18 years old or the age of majority in their jurisdiction, whichever is higher.

2.2. Employees of Freewrite, the participating authors, or any affiliates directly involved in the Auction are not eligible to bid.

2.3. By participating, you represent that you are legally permitted to take part in online auctions and to pay for any bids you win.

3. Auction Registration

3.1. Participants must create an account on the auction platform or otherwise register using accurate, current, and complete information.

3.2. Freewrite reserves the right to verify identity and to disqualify any Participant who provides false or misleading information.

4. Bidding Rules

4.1. All bids are binding, final, and non-retractable.

4.2. Bidders are responsible for monitoring their bids; Freewrite is not liable for missed notifications or technical issues on the auction platform or the Participant’s device.

4.3. Freewrite reserves the right to:

  • set minimum bids or bid increments;
  • reject bids deemed in bad faith or intended to disrupt the Auction;
  • extend, pause, or cancel the Auction in case of technical difficulties, fraud, or events beyond reasonable control.

5. Winning Bids and Payment

5.1. The highest valid bid at the close of the Auction is the Winning Bid, and the corresponding Participant becomes the Winner.

5.2. Winners will receive payment instructions and must complete payment within 48 hours of the auction’s close unless otherwise stated.

5.3. Failure to complete payment on time may result in forfeiture, and Freewrite may offer the Item to the next highest bidder.

5.4. Accepted payment methods will be listed on the Auction platform. All payments must be made in the currency specified.

6. Item Description and Condition

6.1. Each Ghost Traveler unit is authentic, and the signatures, doodles, and messages are original works created by the participating author. These are authors, not artists. By bidding on the Item, you acknowledge that you are receiving a one-of-a-kind unit marked with unique art and messages and you agree to these terms and conditions.

6.2. Because Items are customized and signed by hand, variations, imperfections, or unique marks are to be expected. These are considered part of the Item’s character and not defects.

6.3. Items are provided “as-is” and “as-available.” Freewrite makes no warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

7. Shipping & Delivery

7.1. Shipping costs, import duties, and taxes may apply unless explicitly stated otherwise.

7.2. Freewrite will make reasonable efforts to ship Items within the estimated timeline but cannot guarantee delivery dates.

7.3. Title and risk of loss transfer to the Winner upon delivery to the carrier.

7.4. Freewrite is not responsible for delays, damage, or loss caused by the courier or customs agencies.

8. Charity Donation

8.1. Net proceeds from the Auction will be donated to the Charity designated on each Item page.

8.2. Donation amounts and recipients may be disclosed publicly unless prohibited by law.

8.3. Winners acknowledge that they are purchasing Items, not making a tax-deductible donation to Freewrite; therefore, Winners will not receive charitable tax receipts unless Freewrite explicitly states otherwise in compliance with applicable laws.

9. Intellectual Property

9.1. All trademarks, brand names, product names, and creative materials associated with Freewrite and the Ghost Traveler remain the exclusive property of Freewrite or their respective rights holders.

9.2. Participants may not reproduce, distribute, or publicly display the authors’ doodles without permission where such rights are applicable, except as allowed by law (e.g., resale of the physical Item).

10. Privacy

10.1. By participating, you consent to Freewrite’s collection, use, and storage of your personal data in accordance with our Privacy Policy.

10.2. Freewrite may publicly announce auction results, including Winner’s first name, last initial, city, state/country, and winning bid amount unless prohibited by law or unless you formally request anonymity when possible.

11. Prohibited Conduct

Participants may not:

  • engage in bid manipulation, fraud, or collusive bidding;
  • use automated systems (bots, scripts, scrapers) to place or monitor bids;
  • interfere with the Auction, platform, or other participants

Freewrite may ban or disqualify any Participant violating these rules.

12. Limitation of Liability

To the fullest extent permitted by law:

12.1. Freewrite is not liable for indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages arising from the Auction or purchase of Items.

12.2. Freewrite’s total liability in connection with these Terms shall not exceed the amount of the Winning Bid actually paid by the Participant.

12.3. Freewrite is not responsible for technical malfunctions, internet outages, system failures, or other issues beyond its control.

13. Cancellation and Force Majeure

Freewrite may cancel, postpone, or modify the Auction due to unforeseen circumstances, including but not limited to natural disasters, system failures, strikes, or events affecting participating authors or the Charity.

14. Governing Law & Dispute Resolution

14.1. These Terms are governed by the laws of Michigan, without regard to conflict-of-law rules.

14.2. Any disputes arising under these Terms will be resolved through binding arbitration or the courts of the specified jurisdiction, as applicable.

14.3. Participants waive any right to participate in class-action lawsuits relating to the Auction.

15. Amendments

Freewrite may update these Terms at any time. Continued participation in the Auction after updates constitutes acceptance of the revised Terms.

16. Contact Information

For questions or concerns regarding the Auction or these Terms, contact: hello@getfreewrite.com.

novembre 25, 2025 1 lire la lecture

This is a great gratitude writing exercise to be done alone or in a group, with people of any age.

How to Play

    1. Designate someone to read out each prompt below. (Feel free to add your own prompts.)
    2. After each prompt is read, set a timer for one minute. (With younger kids, this can be shortened. For older folks who want to freewrite meaningfully, more time can be added.)
    3. Each person freewrites by finishing the sentence and elaborating until the timer goes off. (For little kids, this can be done verbally with an adult recording their answers. Hilarity will ensue.)
    4. Remeber that freewriting — allowing yourself to write with abandon — enables you to let go, tapping into your subconscious to explore your thoughts more deeply.
    5. When everyone is done with all the prompts, take turns going through some your answers. Some people may be eager to share. Others may not want to. Respect their decision.

The Prompts

  • I'm grateful for... [After you've finished this prompt, repeat it five times. Challenge yourself and others not to repeat a singe word with each new answer.]
  • The silliest thing I'm grateful for is...
  • The littlest thing I'm grateful for is...
  • The biggest thing I'm grateful for is...
  • The grossest thing I'm grateful for is...
  • One thing I love about myself is...
  • My favorite thing that happened this year was...
  • My hope for next year is...

This writing exercise has resulted in some sweet answers — and many hilarious ones, too. If you try it out, do let us know.

Write on.

novembre 21, 2025 4 lire la lecture

For the release of Sailfish, our new firmware update for Smart Typewriter Gen3 and Traveler, we created a brand-new boot-up animation to surprise and delight our writers.

We worked with talented Danish animator Mathias Lynge to bring our experience of the writer's journey to life.

We had a blast visualizing the writer's journey in this new way. Our engineers also had a blast (or something less than a blast) figuring out how to adjust this fun, playful animation to E Ink's very tricky specifications. Hello, refresh rate woes! But we think the result is pretty fun.

"The little animation made my day when I noticed. I love a good flourish."

- Freewrite user

The process of creating this animation was long and full of Zoom calls where we deeply discussed the writing process. We were struck through those conversations by how much overlap there is in creative processes of all disciplines.

So we sat down to chat with Mathias about his creative process and what it's like being a full-time animator.

ANNIE COSBY: Let's start with the basics. What kind of art do you make?

MATHIAS LYNGE: I'm a 2D animator and motion designer working freelance with a wide range of clients. The style varies depending on the project, but it’s usually either a hand-drawn look animated frame-by-frame on a drawing tablet, or a more digital, vectorized look made in After Effects.

While much of what I do is commercial work, I try to keep up with my own passion projects as well. That could be a 10-second Instagram loop of a nature scene, or an interesting character design I’ve sketched down with a pencil. It’s there that I get to sharpen my skills and try out new techniques, which often find their way into later client projects.

AC: You often share educational content on social media for other artists. Are you formally trained, or did you teach yourself?

ML: I’m mostly self-taught. I’ve been drawing for as long as I can remember, but it wasn’t until I went to university that I realized drawing could become a career.

When I first heard terms like “motion design” and “The 12 Principles of Animation” I was on a student exchange program at UCSB in California, where I had chosen a class called "Introduction to Animation." It was a big eye-opener for me, and from that point I was hooked.

But it’s mainly been online YouTube tutorials and my existing drawing experience that have taught me what I know.

Now, I have a big presence on social media, where I share my art as well as educational content centered around animation in Adobe After Effects, so I guess you could say that I'm also an animation influencer!

I’ve been drawing for as long as I can remember, but it wasn’t until I went to university that I realized drawing could become a career.

AC: That's actually how I first found your work. Do you have any specific artists who inspire you?

ML:In the world of 2D animation, I have a list of personal heroes that inspire me with their unique style: Reece Parker, Ariel Costa a.k.a. BlinkMyBrain, and Tony Babel, to name a few.

I also find a lot of inspiration from illustrators and painters I discover online, on platforms such as Pinterest. Last year I made a sparkling water animation that was heavily inspired by Cornwall-based artist Gordon Hunt. He makes these beautiful nature-inspired pointillist paintings that capture how light hits the ocean using colorful dots of paint. I tried to recreate that effect using After Effects to bring it to life, and it led me to a whole new way of animating within the program.

AC: Where else do you draw inspiration to create your work?

ML: I’m heavily inspired by the nature and cityscapes around me in Copenhagen, and I find that taking long walks through parks or down the streets of my neighborhood really sparks my imagination.

I’ll often carry around a sketchbook to quickly scribble down an idea or a loose sketch of something I find interesting, such as seeing how the light from a lamppost hits the surrounding leaves, or how the wind moves the tree in a certain way.

Then I’ll think to myself, “I wonder if I can recreate that motion using a specific technique in After Effects?”

I’m heavily inspired by the nature and cityscapes around me in Copenhagen...

AC: What does your daily routine look like as a full-time artist?

ML: It varies a lot, but I’m usually either working hard on a client project or tinkering away with a new animation tutorial for my social media channels.

I love being able to switch between the two, and when I’m going through a client dry spell, I find that staying creative and posting animation-related content helps keep me inspired while also putting things out into the world that may lead to my next client down the road.

AC: What's your #1 piece of advice for animators new to the industry?

ML: Keep experimenting and trying out new techniques. There’s no such thing as running out of creativity, and even though many of the things you try don’t necessarily go anywhere, it’s all experience that adds up and expands your toolbox. It’s a muscle that needs to be worked out regularly.

Plus, you’ll have more awesome animation to choose from when you’re putting together your next showreel or portfolio!

There’s no such thing as running out of creativity...

AC: What's one fun fact about you completely unrelated to animation?

ML:I’m a big sucker for history podcasts, especially if they are about ancient civilizations, such as The History of Rome by Mike Duncan.

I find it fascinating to hear how mankind was able to build such great empires without ever knowing what electricity, cars, or the internet are.

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Follow along on Mathias's creative journey and find his free educational content on Instagram.

To learn more about working together, find him on LinkedIn or visit his website at www.mathiaslynge.com.

Learn more about Sailfish here.